Precautions for high-pressure steam sterilization
High-pressure steam sterilization is a rapid and effective sterilization method. Use a high-pressure steam sterilizer to generate steam by heating. As the steam pressure continues to increase, the temperature rises, usually at a pressure of 103.4kPa (equivalent to 15 pounds per inch 2 or 1.05kg / cm 2 of the old system). The temperature can reach 121.3 ℃, maintain 15 ~ 30min, can kill all microorganisms including spores. This method is commonly used for the sterilization of general culture media, physiological saline, surgical instruments and dressings that are resistant to moisture and high temperature. Precautions for high-pressure steam sterilization:
First, the sterile package should not be too large (less than 50cm × 30cm × 30cm), and should not be too tight. There should be gaps between the packages so that the steam can easily penetrate into the center of the package. Before disinfection, open the vent hole of the storage tank or box, which is conducive to the circulation of steam. And when exhausting, the steam can be quickly discharged to keep the items dry. After sterilization and sterilization are completed, close the vent hole of the storage tank or box to maintain the sterility of the items.
Second, cloth items should be placed on metal items, otherwise the steam will condense and condense into water droplets, making the cloth damp. Impedes the entry of steam into the center of the package and seriously affects the sterilization effect.
Third, regularly check the sterilization effect. The validity period of the sterile bag and sterile container sterilized by high-pressure steam is 1 week. High-pressure steam sterilization effect monitoring: There are the following three methods.
The first is process monitoring, also known as process monitoring. According to the measuring device (pressure gauge, temperature gauge, chronometer), chart, indicator needle, alarm, etc. installed on the sterilizer, it indicates whether the sterilization equipment works normally. This method can quickly indicate the failure of the sterilizer, but it is not certain whether the items to be sterilized meet the sterilization requirements. As a routine monitoring method, this method should be carried out every sterilization.
The second type is chemical indicator monitoring. The chemical indicator is used to change the color or deform the characteristics of heat under certain temperature and action time to determine whether the parameters required for sterilization are reached. Commonly used are:
Self-made temperature measuring tube: the crystals of some chemical drugs are sealed in a small glass tube (length 2cm, inner diameter 1-2mm). Commonly used reagents are benzoic acid (melting point 121-123 ℃) and so on. During sterilization, when the humidity rises to the melting point of the drug, the crystals in the tube melt. Afterwards, although cooled and solidified, its shape can still be distinguished from the unmelted crystals. This method can only indicate the temperature, not the heat duration. Has reached the standard, so it is the minimum standard. It is mainly used to monitor the central situation of each item packaging.
3M pressure sterilization indicator tape: This tape is printed with a diagonal white indicator line pattern, which is a special color-changing tape attached to the sterile package to be sterilized. The adhesive surface can firmly close the dressing bag, metal box or glass object. After 121 minutes at 20 minutes and 130 minutes at 4 minutes, the tape changes color 100% (the striped pattern shows black diagonal stripes). 3M tape can be used not only to monitor the surface of the packaging of items, but also to monitor the condition of the packaging center. It can also be used instead of pins, clips or straps.
The third type is biological indicator monitoring. Use heat-resistant non-pathogenic bacterial spores as indicator bacteria to determine the effect of heat sterilization. The strain is made of Lactobacillus thermophilus. The spores of this bacterium have strong resistance to heat, and the heat death time is similar to that of the most resistant botulinum spores among pathogenic microorganisms. Biological indicators include spore suspensions, spore pieces, and indicator tubes in which the pieces and medium are mixed. Standard test packages should be used for testing. Two biological indicators at the center of each package are placed at five points in the sterilization cabinet, namely, one point in the center of the upper and middle layers, and one in the front, middle and rear of the lower layer. point. After sterilization, take out the biological indicator and inoculate it in bromocresol purple glucose peptone water medium, incubate in a 55-60 ° C incubator for 48 hours to 7 days, and observe the final result. If the color does not change after cultivation, it is clear and transparent, indicating that the spores have been killed. Meet the sterilization requirements. If it becomes yellow and turbid, it means that the spores have not been killed and the sterilization has failed
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