Cell reveals the way to prolong life
Scientists from the Buck Aging Institute have promoted its health and extended its lifespan by changing the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and intestinal wall absorbing cells in Drosophila. This new study, published in the January 16 issue of Cell, provides a model for people to study many dysfunctions characterized by intestinal aging, confirming the view that more and more people hold: the intestine Proper bacterial balance may be the key to a healthy and long-lived life.
The lead author of the paper, Dr. Heinrich Jasper of the Buck Institute for Aging, said: "Although human studies in recent years have consistently combined gut microbiota composition with diet, the health of the elderly, and a series of aging-related diseases related to changes in gut bacteria, including Cancer, diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease are linked, but there is still a lack of systematic understanding of the mechanism by which our intestines change from young, healthy to aging, and weak. Our research explores some age-related changes that occur in the intestine, including Increased rates of oxidative stress, inflammation and immune response damage, and excessive proliferation of stem cells. Putting these changes into a hierarchical causal relationship reveals where we can intervene to save the negative consequences of microbial imbalances. "
Jasper said that the amount of bacteria in the intestines of Drosophila increased significantly with age, leading to an inflammatory state. This imbalance is driven by the long-term activation of the stress response gene FOXO, which inhibits the activity of a class of molecules called PGRP-SCs (homologs of human PGLYRPs), which regulate the body's immune response to bacteria. PGRP-SC inhibition deregulates a signaling molecule Rel / NFkB that plays an important role in initiating an effective immune response to intestinal bacteria. The resulting immune imbalance causes the number of bacteria to continue to expand, triggering an inflammatory response and generating free radicals. Free radicals in the intestine in turn cause excessive proliferation of stem cells, leading to abnormal epithelial hyperplasia (a precancerous state).
Jasper said that the most exciting research in their study found that when his team increased PGRP-SC expression in intestinal epithelial cells, it restored the bacterial balance and restricted stem cell proliferation. Simply enhancing the function of PGRP-SC is enough to extend the lifespan of fruit flies, and this effect can also be simulated by drugs. "Our data shows that since controlling the symbiotic flora is critical to the health of the organism, if we can understand the mechanisms by which aging affects our symbiotic flora-first in fruit flies, then in the human body-we should be able to Strongly affect our health and extend our lifespan. "
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